In order to detect the thickness of ink coated on the glass, a nondestructive and on-line measurement system was proposed, which can be used in industrial measurement. Firstly, the structure light principle was presented, and a model based on the adaptive extraction algorithm, called digital quantitative calculation model for the thickness of glass printing ink was creatively put forward to process the bright-line images of printing ink. It was extremely suitable for non-contact digital detection. Secondly, a standard glass with printing ink film was chosen as the accurate evaluation basis, managed to obtain a ratio which was related to the thickness of printing ink from multiple measurements and fitting. Finally, the maximum detection thickness was 23 mm and the precision of the nondestructive and on-line measurement system can reach 4 μm. As a result, by measuring the thickness of glass printing ink, this instrument can complete a high-precision, fast and nondestructive detection, which offers a broad application prospect.