A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensor is proposed, which can achieve wide measuring range displacement detection with variable measurement precision due to its mechanical transfer structure of helical bevel gear. A prototype is designed and fabricated. The maximum detection displacement of this prototype is 1.751 m, and the precision grade changes from 0.2% to 6.7%. Through analyzing the experiment data which is obtained in the calibration experiment, the measuring range of this sensor is from 0 m to 1.532 m, and the wavelength shift errors between experiment data and theory calculation are all less than 5%.