The optical characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystals with two element compound defect layers is studied by transfer matrix method．The process and optical characteristics, which changed from one-dimensional photonic crystals with two element compound defect layers to one-dimensional compound photonic crystals, are mainly discussed. The results indicate that the defect mode and its wavelength can be controlled by the number of layers and structures of the two element compound defects. Thereby it can be realized that optical narrowband filter with high quality or bandgap extension. The results can provide reference for the design of one-dimensional photonic crystals micro cavity with two element compound defect layers, which can be used for making filter, laser, etc.