In view of the increasing threat of massive satellites and orbital debris to space launch missions, an optimization method of ground-based optoelectronics surveillance system is proposed. Passive optical system can monitor space target at a cost-effective way. This paper analyzes the detection ability of telescope and the optical reflection characteristics of high orbital objects, combined with the motion characteristics and observation conditions of high orbital debris, and thus analyzes the detection and recognition ability of space targets by the ground optoelectronics system. In order to solve the problem of faint targets detection, the optimization principle of star image with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is demonstrated. Compared with the traditional frame difference method, the spatial targets with SNR greater than 3.10 can be identified without changing the aperture of observation equipment.