In order to meet the correction frequency and imaging quality requirements of adaptive optics systems for large ground-based high-resolution imaging telescopes, a 349-unit wavefront processor was designed, which realized a wavefront correction frequency of 1 500 Hz. The design of a real-time wavefront processor was proposed whose main components were a control computer, a FPGA wavefront slope processor, a GPU matrix multiplication handler and a modularization D/A converter. A closed-loop calibration result of the dynamic aberration produced by the 349-unit adaptive optics system was reported. In this experiment, the system realized an effective correction of the simulated atmospheric turbulence whose atmospheric coherent length r0 is 6 cm and the Greenwood frequency is 160 Hz. After the closed loop evaluation of the adaptive optics system, the average square root value of 1 000 frames of the wavefront aberration drops from 1.07 λ to 0.11 λ(the central wavelength is 600 nm). The proposed 349-unit adaptive optics system can achieve a higher imaging quality under the wavefront correction frequency of 1 500 Hz. Moreover, the wavefront processing delay is better than 235 μs. The analysis of the power spectrum reveals that this adaptive optics system can correct wavefront distortion which was less than 100 Hz.