This work employed XRD, SEM, TG-DSC, corrosion resistance, density, hardness, fracture toughness and other test methods to study the influences of different heat treatment systems and coal gangue content on the crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties of glass-ceramics. The results show that the main crystal phase of coal gangue glass-ceramics is anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), both the quantity and the size of main crystal phase become larger with increasing crystallization temperature during the heat treatment process, but the main crystal phase remains unchanged. Keeping nucleation temperature of 750 ℃ for 1 h and crystallization temperature of 1 000 ℃ for 1 h, the crystal size of main crystal phase is about 300~400 nm. With an optimal heat treatment schedule, when the content of coal gangue increases from 44% (mass fraction) to 70%, the physical and chemical properties of glass-ceramics with different content of coal gangue are similar. Comprehensively considering the utilization rate of coal gangue solid waste and the physical and chemical properties of the samples, the sample with coal gangue content of 70% has the best comprehensive performance. The coal gangue glass-ceramic system designed in this work has good tolerance and strong absorption of coal gangue solid waste. It can realize the high-volume and high-value utilization of coal gangue solid waste, and provide a theoretical basis and experimental basis for solving problems such as coal gangue solid waste accumulation and environmental pollution.