Aiming at the security problem of range gated laser imaging in high noise background, a range gated laser image encryption scheme based on the quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) is proposed. Due to the fuzziness of the laser image itself, the randomness and security of the key become more and more important in encryption. In this paper, the chaotic sequence is used as the parent chromosome of the QGA, and the random number satisfying the encryption algorithm is obtained by an iterative genetic algorithm. To further improve the security of laser images, some random pixels are stochastically inserted around the laser image before scrambling. These random pixels are scrambled together with the image. Finally, an adaptive diffusion method is designed to completely change the original statistical information of the image. Experimental simulation and performance analysis show that the scheme has high security.