This paper presents the design of a high-bandwidth data acquisition and storage system for 3D imaging lidar. To ensure the real-time storage for the system, the data are transmitted to the computer via PCIE 3.0 (peripheral component interface express 3.0), and the echo data are stored in a solid-state drive (SSD) large-capacity disk array. A high-speed signal synchronization trigger circuit and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) inherent path-delay calibration algorithm are proposed to address the problem that the sampling data of the multiple analog-digital converters (ADCs) in the system are not synchronized. To accurately measure the delay between the laser path trigger pulse and the system clock, a multi-level input-output delay (IODELAY) unit time digital counter (TDC) algorithm is designed with a time resolution of up to 52 ps. The results show that the system has been verified to have a maximum storage bandwidth and capacity of 5.12 GByte/s and 24 TByte, respectively. Further, the system exhibits a strong real-time and synchronization performance for data acquisition and storage and has a high practical applicability.