In this paper, a rare-earth spectral traceability anti-counterfeiting detection technology is proposed. Configure rare-earth samples No.1, No.2 and No.3 with different doping ratios. The spectral signals of these three samples are collected and integrated into a sample library. The traceability anti-counterfeiting detection is to compare the spectral information of the samples to be tested with the established sample library by selecting specific wavelength points for light intensity values. If the sample to be measured meets the light intensity range of the established sample library at a specific wavelength point, the sample model will be output. If it does not meet the light intensity range, the sample to be tested is fake. After testing, the anti-counterfeit rate of samples No.1, No.2 and No.3 can reach 100%. This testing process does not destroy the sample, and the anti-counterfeit effect is unique and reliable.