Aiming at the problem that the existing vibration displacement monitoring methods are easy to be affected by the environment and the accuracy is not high, a monitoring method of structural vibration displacement based on the inversion of fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor array is proposed. This method uses FBG sensor array to obtain multi-point strain and single point acceleration data in the process of structural vibration. Firstly, the curve reconstruction algorithm based on orthogonal curvature and the obtained strain data are used to reconstruct the dynamic displacement of each point of the structure. Then, the displacement data derived from the curve reconstruction algorithm is fused with the single point acceleration data at the same position by Kalman filtering algorithm to obtain more accurate displacement data. The experimental results show that the method can reconstruct the vibration shape of the monitoring structure at any time successfully, and the relative root-mean-square error of the vibration displacement reconstruction of the cantilever aluminum plate and the simple supported pipeline is less than 5.5% and 7% respectively.