In order to meet the connection requirements of metal and polymer in industrial lightweight, the laser connection experiment of titanium alloy TC4 and carbon fiber reinforced polymer PBTCF30 is carried out using a semiconductor continuous laser. By performing texture pretreatment on the surface of titanium alloy, the joint can be mechanically riveted to improve its strength. The joint shear strength and pretreatment time are taken as the responses, and the mathematical model is established using the response surface method according to the relationship between the two responses and the relevant process parameters. The interactive effects of the texture-scanning diameter, texture-scanning spacing, texture-scanning times, laser connection power, and laser connection speed on the joint shear strength and pretreatment time are analyzed. Finally, the optimal solution is obtained using the accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) method. The results show that the three parameters that have the greatest influence on the joint strength are: scanning spacing-scanning times, scanning times-connection speed, and connection speed-connection power. The validation of the model and the optimization results show that the predicted value of the model is consistent with the experimental value, and the reliability of the proposed model is confirmed.