As an important load-bearing part of SiCf/SiC composites, the microstructure and performance evolution of SiC fibers under high temperature oxidative environment directly affect their practical application. This paper reviewed the oxidation mechanism and oxidation model, as well as the influencing factors of oxidation behavior of SiC fibers. The approaches to improve the oxidation resistance of SiC fibers were also summarized and introduced. The oxidation behavior of SiC fibers is divided into passive and active oxidation according to the oxygen partial pressure. The high temperature oxidation in the water-oxygen environment accelerates the increase of the SiC fibers oxide layer thickness and the generation of cracks, resulting in the degradation of the mechanical properties. The composition and microstructure also have different effects on the oxidation results. This paper is intended to provide some reference for the application of SiC fibers under high temperature oxidative environments.