In view of the demand of the early strength monitoring of sleeve grouting materials in practical engineering, based on the principle of piezoelectric wave analysis method, a method of monitoring early strength of sleeve grouting materials by using piezoelectric smart aggregate is proposed, and the experimental research on early strength monitoring of sleeve grouting materials is carried out. Through the experiment, it is found that the signal amplitude of smart aggregate decays rapidly in the first 5 days of age, while the strength of the grouting material increases rapidly. Then the change of the two gradually slows down and eventually stabilized with age, which shows the changing trend of signal amplitude of the smart aggregate can well reflect the strength development trend of grouting material. The amplitude of the monitoring signal and the measured strength of the grouting material are normalized, and the data are fitted and analyzed by using the univariate cubic polynomial function, the exponential function and the power function respectively. By comparing the parameters of the fitting goodness, the fitting effect of the univariate cubic polynomial function is the best. Finally, the standard of nondestructive monitoring method for the early strength of the sleeve grouting material based on piezoelectric smart aggregate is given. The condition and standard equation can provide reference for practical engineering application.