With intensified human activities, natural disasters have become more frequent, and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction have received widespread attention. Recovery and reconstruction planning is an essential public policy to guide post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and the evaluation of its implementation will help ensure the efficient implementation and the sustainable development of disaster areas. This article reviewed the current status of research by analyzing the progress in the assessment of the implementation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning and provides a basis for the construction of comprehensive assessment techniques. Combined with the analysis of theories, contents, and methods of the implementation evaluation of Chinese and international recovery and reconstruction planning, the authors compared and then summarized the experiences and deficiencies of various types of implementation evaluation. The results show that the current planning and implementation evaluations are mainly based on traditional planning, such as urban planning and land-use planning. Due to the characteristics of frequent natural disasters and social and economic fragility in disaster areas, implementation evaluation faces more challenges. Existing assessment methods mostly use traditional assessment theories and need to be integrated with theories of sustainable development and disaster economics to improve their theoretical systems. The evaluation content focuses more on infrastructure, ecological environment, and other physical aspects, but it needs to pay attention to social equity, cultural protection, and so on. During the evaluation phase, current ways pay more attention to the results rather than the process and impact. Furthermore, there are differences in the evaluation methods at various stages. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative methods need to be comprehensively applied. In the future, we need to design a full-stage evaluation process, build a comprehensive evaluation system, and conduct post-disaster sustainability assessments to improve the scientific nature of assessments. Comprehensively examining the results of the implementation of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction planning will play an essential role in ensuring the recovery and reconstruction of disaster areas.