Recently, Rh nanostructures have attracted significant research attention because of their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at ultraviolet wavelengths and stable physical and chemical properties. In this study, the extinction properties and electric field intensity distribution of cylindrical Rh nanostructures in 200?400 nm wavebands are systematically simulated and analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method to examine the LSPR of Rh nanostructures. The results show that the LSPR properties of Rh nanostructures are significantly correlated with the diameter, height, spacing, and peripheral refractive index. The LSPR resonance wavebands of Rh nanostructures can be effectively modulated by varying the structural parameters. This study provides a reference for applying the LSPR of Rh nanostructures in areas such as ultraviolet absorption and optical detectors.