A novel sensor structure, D-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on regular hexagon photonic crystal fiber (PCF), is proposed to measure the refractive index (RI) and temperature simultaneously, and measure the refractive index and temperature dynamically in a large range. It can simultaneously detect the refractive index of 1.230—1.355 and the temperature of 5—85 ℃. The results show that when RI is in the range of 1.330—1.355, the sensitivity is 1645.7 nm/RIU; the maximum sensitivity in the whole detectable range is 1497.6 nm/RIU. When the temperature range is 20—60 ℃, the sensitivity can reach up to -2.68 nm/℃,and the sensitivity can reach up to -3 nm/℃ in the whole measurable range. The superiority of this structure is that it is sensitive to a large dynamic detection range of RI and temperature with relatively high sensitivity.