In order to solve the problem that the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting structure is difficult to meet the acquisition requirements of wide frequency band, 3D and high efficiency at the same time, a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester structure with the concentrated mass replaced by Z-type beam was proposed. Nonlinear mass was introduced by the Z-type beam structure, which enabled more modal of the harvester to be concentrated in the low frequency range, increased the acquisition frequency band, and realized the 3D energy harvesting function of the harvester by the instability of the horizontal and longitudinal Z-type beam structure. The dynamic characteristics of the Z-type beam after increasing the width were analyzed, and the energy acquisition performance of the piezoelectric array was discussed. Models and experimental platforms were built for simulation and experimental verification. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the Z-type piezoelectric beam was compared with those of the spiral beam structure and classic cantilever beam mass structure. The simulation and experimental results show that when the beam has seven folded layers, the number of modes with frequency within 50 Hz can reach nine, and in the 1-100 Hz range and 1 Hz harmonic excitation, the peaks of the forward acquisition voltage-frequency curve reaches up to four and are mainly concentrated in the 0-40 Hz range. The maximum open circuit voltage is up to 16 V, greatly widening the acquisition frequency band. The maximum open circuit voltage peaks in both the horizontal and vertical directions are above 10 V, while the peaks of the horizontal and vertical acquisition voltage-frequency curves are greater than four, achieving 3D energy acquisition. The maximum output power reaches 0.18 mW when the load is 10 kΩ. When the width of the Z-type beam is increased to 100 mm, the number of modes is greater than 30 in the range of 200 Hz. The peak number of acquisition voltage curves of double patch in series is up to four. The maximum voltage reached 14 V, which proves that the Z-beam is suitable for the arrangement of the piezoelectric array.