The 241-element deformable mirror model is built using COMSOL Multiphysics, and the influence function data of the driver of the deformable mirror are acquired by calculation. Based on the sub-aperture slope method, a procedure is compiled, by which the optical aberration of the 241-element adaptive optics system is corrected. By taking the root mean square value of the residual fitting error of a 3-60 order Zernike polynomial, the optimal parameter is determined by analyzing the influence of the structural parameters of the deformable mirror on the correction capability. Under this optimal parameter, the coupling factor of the deformable mirror is calculated as 11%. The influence of the system on the fitting ability of the Zernike polynomial is analyzed considering that there exist different translation and rotation errors between the Hartmann sensor and the deformable mirror in the 241-element adaptive optics system. The results show that the translation and rotation errors are not greater than 3 mm and 6°, respectively.