Dy3+ doped phosphors CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBTO) based bismuth layered-structure oxides is synthesized by high temperature solid- state reaction. The X- ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminesce (PL) properties of the phosphors are investigated, respectively. The study reveals that the strongest excitation peak of CBTO:Dy3+ locates at 450 nm, which covers the emission wavelength of the commercial blue LED chips, and that the emission peak at 574 nm corresponds to the electric dipole transition 4F9/2→6H13/2 of Dy3 + . The luminescent intensity of samples with different concentrations of Dy3+ ions is analyzed, and the optimum doped-Dy3+ mole fraction is 7%. According to Dexter′s theory, the mechanism of concentration quenching in CBTO:Dy3+ should be attributed to the mechanism of multipole-multipole interaction. The influence of charge compensators (Li+, Na+, K+) on the emission spectra of CBTO:Dy3+ is studied respectively, and the results display that luminescent intensity of the samples is improved.