In this paper, the ground-based inverse synthetic aperture lidar for geosynchronous orbit objects imaging is analyzed. The motion characteristics and observation geometric of geosynchronous orbit objects are discussed and the system parameters of inverse synthetic aperture lidar are analyzed. The waveform is chosen to be acyclic phase-coded signal. A signal coherence preserving method based on both transmitting and local oscillator reference channels is proposed. Since the object has both vibration and three-dimensional rotation, the motion phase error estimation and compensation are implemented based on orthogonal baselines interferometry processing. The adaptive optics system is introduced to complete the time-varying phase error correction, which results from atmospheric turbulence. Moreover, it’s clarified that the inverse synthetic aperture lidar based on orthogonal baselines interferometry processing and the adaptive optics are complementary in the atmospheric correction. A preliminary system scheme is designed and simulation results show that the target vibration and three-dimensional rotation have a significant influence on inverse synthetic aperture lidar imaging.