Solar spatial position is a very important navigation information in the field of navigation by using atmospheric polarization pattern. And how to get the solar spatial position is very important in navigation. A method based on Rayleigh atmosphere polarization pattern and K-means clustering algorithm is introduced to calculate the solar spatial position. The atmospheric polarized model of skylight is established on the basis of the Rayleigh scattering theory of atmosphere. According to the basic regularities of atmospheric polarization pattern, data of the polarization (DOP) are analyzed by the method of K-means clustering algorithm. The problem of solving position of the sun is transformed into the problem of solving the center of K-means cluster. Finally, the simulation experiment and practical experiment are carried out to verify the algorithm. The experiment shows that, at different times of the same day under clear weather, the errors of the solar position and altitude angle are all less than 0.01°. The algorithm error is smooth, and the relative error can reach higher precision. The solar spatial space can be effectively solved by atmospheric polarization pattern.