The core component of the polarization measurement of the channel-type remote sensor is usually the similar, that is, the polarization detection is carried out by using the analyzer in different polarization direction. The relative angular error of different polarizers is an important element affecting the measurement accuracy of polarization. Firstly, the influence of relative angle error among the angle of polarizer on the accuracy of polarization measurement was analyzed. Secondly, the error sources in the measurement process were simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation results, the specific experimental parameters and methods were designed to verify the simulation results. Finally, the comparison of experiment results, which validated the measurement reliability, show that the maximum average deviation between the measured polarization degree of the system and the reference value of the reference source with variable polarization degree (VPOLS-||) is 0.735 3%, and the maximum average deviation from the CE318 measurement is 0.036. The experimental results satisfy the real polarization measurement accuracy requirement, which indicates the method of polarization analysis direction measurement is reasonable and provides a powerful support for the high precision calibration of the polarization sensor.