In recent years, topological photonic crystals have attracted growing interest for their unique propagation characteristics. With the development of theoretical models in topological photonics, numerous novel applications have emerged. Topological edge states formed by topological photonic crystals can realize optical enhancement and unidirectional transmission in optoelectronic devices. Such optoelectronic devices can have distinct characteristics such as immunity to local defects and high transmission efficiency, offering enormous potential benefits to chip development, biosensor, military communication, and other applications. This study summarizes and analyzes a range of optical devices based on theoretical models of edge states formed by topological photonics in different dimensions: topological lasers, optical waveguides, unidirectional conduction devices, and optical modulators. The presented examples demonstrate the huge potential of topological photonic crystals in structural design and material selection. Finally, the current research progress of topological photonic crystals is clarified and the defects and optimization direction of topological photonic devices in the design process are evaluated and prospected.