• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 60, Issue 2, 0217004 (2023)
Yanlu Wang1,2,3, Feng He1,3,*, Zaihong Hou1,2,3, Xu Jing1,3, and Yilun Cheng1,2,3
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • 2University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • 3Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, Anhui, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP212863 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yanlu Wang, Feng He, Zaihong Hou, Xu Jing, Yilun Cheng. Displacement Monitoring for Radiotherapy Patients Using in Vitro Markers[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(2): 0217004 Copy Citation Text show less
    Comparison of different types of markers under cover of thermoplastic film. (a) X corner marker under cover of thermoplastic film; (b) rectangular marker under cover of thermoplastic film; (c) round marker under cover of thermoplastic film
    Fig. 1. Comparison of different types of markers under cover of thermoplastic film. (a) X corner marker under cover of thermoplastic film; (b) rectangular marker under cover of thermoplastic film; (c) round marker under cover of thermoplastic film
    Schematic diagram of marker design
    Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of marker design
    Comparison of reflected light from different material markers. (a) Schematic diagram of retro-reflected light by microprism reflective film; (b) schematic diagram of light reflected by diffuse reflection material
    Fig. 3. Comparison of reflected light from different material markers. (a) Schematic diagram of retro-reflected light by microprism reflective film; (b) schematic diagram of light reflected by diffuse reflection material
    Flow chart of outer contour point of marker extraction algorithm
    Fig. 4. Flow chart of outer contour point of marker extraction algorithm
    Flow chart of improved ellipse fitting algorithm
    Fig. 5. Flow chart of improved ellipse fitting algorithm
    Small hole imaging model
    Fig. 6. Small hole imaging model
    Experimental platform building diagram
    Fig. 7. Experimental platform building diagram
    Experimental results of marker fitting and positioning. (a) Original image; (b) B channel image minus R channel image result; (c) contour extraction of markers; (d) find convex hull of contour ;(e) traditional least squares ellipse fitting; (f) proposed improved least squares ellipse fitting
    Fig. 8. Experimental results of marker fitting and positioning. (a) Original image; (b) B channel image minus R channel image result; (c) contour extraction of markers; (d) find convex hull of contour ;(e) traditional least squares ellipse fitting; (f) proposed improved least squares ellipse fitting
    NameEquipment main parameters and materials
    Industrial cameraResolution:12001600;pixel number of channels:3;lens focal length:25 mm;pixel size:6.45 μm6.45 μm
    Image workstationOperating system:Windows8 64-bit operating system;CPU:INTEL Core I5-5200U quad-core;graphics card:HD5500
    Coaxial lightPower:9 W;working voltage:24 V;divergence angle:60°
    MarkersMicroprism reflective structure;blue;ring shape
    Two-dimensionalelectric slideAccuracy:micron level
    Table 1. Hardware equipment and main parameters of experimental platform
    Test itemMove towards footMove towards right hand
    Test 1Test 2Test 3Test 4Test 5Test 6Test 1Test 2Test 3Test 4Test 5Test 6
    Real displacement in x-axis /mm000000101010555
    Real displacement in y-axis /mm101010555000000
    Measured displacement in x-axis /mm0.190.07-0.05-0.070.040.029.899.9810.015.014.924.99
    Measured displacement in y-axis /mm9.849.969.974.974.964.970.09-0.120.140.050.120.03
    Error in x-axis /mm0.190.07-0.05-0.070.040.02-0.11-0.020.010.01-0.08-0.01
    Error in y-axis /mm-0.16-0.04-0.03-0.03-0.04-0.030.09-0.120.140.050.120.03
    Table 2. Displacement measurement accuracy verification experiment results
    AlgorithmAverage time /msMaximum error /mm
    Original algorithm5.821.34
    Improved algorithm3.640.12
    Table 3. Comparison before and after algorithm improvement
    Yanlu Wang, Feng He, Zaihong Hou, Xu Jing, Yilun Cheng. Displacement Monitoring for Radiotherapy Patients Using in Vitro Markers[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(2): 0217004
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