As a powder material, nano calcium carbonate after modsfication is usually used in various fields such as rubber, paper, paint and medicine. Various application fields have different requirement to the modification effect of nano calcium carbonate. Therefore, from the perspective of the modification effect of nano calcium carbonate, two influencing factors, namely the modification process and the modifier were analysed and introduced in this paper. The characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and modification mechanisms of these influencing factors were concluded. In addition, some common evaluation methods were introduced and the relevant influencing factors and testing methods were described. On this basis, this paper also provides an outlook on the development trend of nano calcium carbonate modification to help the practitioners in this field.