Based on key technologies such as 5G base station forward power control and beam forming, the electromagnetic radiation test scheme for 5G base station under the condition of single user is designed. According to the regular layout of electromagnetic radiation power density decreasing with the square of distance, the test efficiency of macro base station can be improved to some extent. In addition, field measurement of the proposed monitoring scheme shows that the monitoring results are far less than the limit value of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP) standard, indicating that the electromagnetic radiation level of 5G base station is generally controllable. Finally, High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS) is adopted to design the 5G base station antenna model to obtain the large-scale Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) antenna array direction map, and the scene is built based on the electromagnetic parameter analysis of the actual scene. The electromagnetic radiation of 5G base station is predicted by ray tracing algorithm. The prediction results show little error compared with the monitoring results, which proves the reliability of the prediction method.