Under the multi-user and high-rate requirements of the current 5th-Generation system, in order to improve the performance of the system, an allocation algorithm based on the reward and punishment mechanism is proposed to achieve an efficient and high-throughput Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The algorithm first considers the resource allocation of common search space and user equipment-special search space users. Then it introduces the reward and punishment mechanism when generating the user priority list to improve the blocking performance, system throughput of the cell edge users and the user fairness. Then the Radio Network Temporary Identity （RNTI） table allocation is simplified to control the resource allocation. Simulation results have shown that the improved algorithm reduces the blocking probability and allocation delay while ensuring that the resource utilization rate does not decrease. The algorithm has good reference value for practical engineering applications.