The UV atmospheric transmission theory and the nonline of sight single scattering channel model were introduced. According to the model, the transmission loss caused by atmospheric channel under different structure design was quantitatively analyzed. Attenuation was quantitatively simulated under different atmospheres, communication patterns and structure parameters. Experimental results show that attenuation increases with increasing transmission distance; under different visibility, attenuation increasing different, and the higher visibility, the less attenuation, the far transmission distance; transmission distance increases with decreasing launching elevation and receiving elevation, and influence degree of launching elevation is more series than receiving elevation; transmission distance increases with increasing beam divergence angle and decreasing field angle, and influence degree of field angle is more series than beam divergence angle.