In order to explore the effects of gabbro (SMK), granite (LBH), diabase (HYS), gneiss (LFS), silicified dacite (SSH) on the properties of concrete under freeze-thaw and sulfate corrosion environment, the macro-micro tests of concrete such as compressive strength and pore structure were carried out to study the time-varying law of concrete prepared by five kinds of coarse aggregates undergoing different freeze-thaw cycle times under semi-immersion of Na₂SO₄ solution. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycle times, the apparent loss of HYS concrete and LFS concrete is more serious, the internal part of coarse aggregate is loose, the strength is reduced, and the interfacial bonding strength between aggregate and cement mortar is reduced. At the beginning of freeze-thaw cycle test, the pores in the five groups of concrete specimens expand rapidly and many new pores generate. The number of small pores increases, the number of large pores decreases, and the compressive strength also increases. In the later stage of freeze-thaw cycle, the large pore size in specimen increases, the coarse aggregate in LFS concrete is loose and expanded, and the concrete cracking is aggravated. LFS concrete has the largest pore expansion, followed by the HYS concrete pore expansion. The pore size variation trend of the five groups of concrete specimens is basically the same. The strength of concrete decreases and is positively correlated with the pore change, but the strength reduction is related to the performance of coarse aggregate itself. This study can be crude in freeze-thaw and sulfate corrosion environment. The research results can provide reference for quality control of coarse aggregate and sustainable utilization of concrete under freeze-thaw sulfate corrosion environment.