Airborne optical imaging and measurement technology has prominent advantages such as high timeliness, low cost, high resolution and easy interpretation. It has been widely applied as an indispensable optical remote sensing method. Due to the influence of aviation flight, in order to obtain clearer optical images and more accurate measurement, the problems should be solved such as aerodynamic, vibration, temperature and pressure changing under the constraints of limited volume, weight and power consumption. To meet the demand of new technologies, new methods and new theories in this field, a special issue of airborne imaging and measurement was organized. A number of excellent research results were introduced in the fields of precision optics, precision mechanics, precision control and image processing. It promotes the further development of relative research from the perspective of theoretical guidance and engineering reference value.