Star sensors are high-precision space attitude measurement devices used in astronomical navigation to obtain the attitude of space vehicles by observing the angular distance of stars. As a key technical parameter of star simulators, the angular distance between stars is an important indicator of their testing accuracy. It represents the angular position relationship between any two-star points, and its size depends on the position of each star point. As an important component of a star simulator, optical systems can cause changes in star position due to coma, field curvature, astigmatism, and distortion. These changes can lead to discrepancies between the calculated inter-star angular distance and the theoretical inter-star angular distance, thereby affecting the accuracy of the simulation. Therefore, studying the impact of optical system aberrations on the inter-star angular distance is an important guarantee for ensuring the high accuracy of the star simulator. In order to effectively improve the accuracy of the star simulator, this paper addresses the issue that the conventional mathematical formula for calculating the inter-star angular distance does not account for the impact of aberrations in optical systems. As a solution, a method for correcting the inter-star angular distance based on aberration influence is proposed in this study. The method involves establishing a relevant mathematical model and deriving the corresponding mathematical formula. Then, taking the star simulator platform of spherical screen projection as an example, analysis and experimental testing were conducted. The test results showed the following maximum impacts of various aberrations on the inter-star angular distance: -10.04″ for coma aberration, -13.07″ for field curvature, -2.92″ for astigmatism, and 34.78″ for distortion. Considering the compensation of each aberration on inter-star angular distance, the maximum total error of the influence of aberration on inter-satellite angular distance is 16.53″. Combining the established mathematical model of inter-satellite angular distance, curve fitting is performed on the azimuth and elevation angles of each star point to obtain a fitting curve for the position error of the star point affected by aberration, thereby completing inter-satellite angular distance correction. The experimental results show that the inter-satellite angular distance error before correction is 27.56″, and the inter-satellite angular distance error after correction is 16.96″, which is reduced by 10.60″ compared to the before correction. The research and experimental verification of inter-satellite angular distance correction methods for aberration effects provide a theoretical basis for effectively improving the simulation accuracy of satellite simulators.