Author Affiliations
Faculty of Digital, Technology, Innovation, and Business, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 2DE, United Kingdomshow less
Fig. 1. SoBI architecture.
Fig. 2. SSBI architecture.
Fig. 3. Alternative BI architecture.
Fig. 4. HF-HEQ-BI FUT.
Fig. 5. Dashboard development process.
Fig. 6. Homepage.
Fig. 7. Quality assurance dashboard (NCAAA KPIs).
Fig. 8. Quality assurance dashboard (institutional specific KPIs).
Fig. 9. Quality assurance dashboard (social media analytics).
Fig. 10. Quality assurance dashboard (additional KPIs).
Fig. 11. Microsoft Power BI development screen.
Fig. 12. Visualisation of dashboard outputs from FUT.
Fig. 13. User visualisation of the dashboard infrastructure.
Fig. 14. Filtering results in the dashboard.
| NCAAA standard KPIs numbers in 2018 | NCAAA standard KPIs numbers in 2022 | NCAAA KPI description | Related standards | | KPI-I-01 | N/A | Percentage of achieved indicators of the institution strategic plan objectives | 1 | | KPI-I-02 | KPI-I-01 | Proportion of accredited programs | 2 | | KPI-I-03 | KPI-I-02 | Students’ evaluation of quality of learning experience in the programs | 3 | | KPI-I-04 | KPI-I-03 | First-year students’ retention rate | 3 | | KPI-I-05 | KPI-I-04 | Graduates’ employability and enrolment in postgraduate programs | 3 | | KPI-I-06 | KPI-I-05 | Graduation rate for undergraduate students in the specified period | 3 | | KPI-I-07 | KPI-I-06 | Satisfaction of beneficiaries with learning resources | 3 | | KPI-I-08 | KPI-I-07 | Employers’ evaluation of the institution graduates’ proficiency | 3 | | KPI-I-09 | N/A | Annual expenditure rate per student | 4 | | KPI-I-10 | KPI-I-08 | Students’ satisfaction with the offered services | 4 | | KPI-I-11 | KPI-I-09 | Ratio of students to teaching staff | 5 | | KPI-I-12 | KPI-I-10 | Proportion of faculty members with doctoral qualifications | 5 | | KPI-I-13 | N/A | Proportion of teaching staff leaving the institution | 5 | | KPI-I-14 | KPI-I-11 | Percentage of self-income of the institution | 6 | | KPI-I-15 | KPI-I-12 | Satisfaction of beneficiaries with technical services | 6 | | KPI-I-16 | KPI-I-13 | Percentage of publications of faculty members | 7 | | KPI-I-17 | KPI-I-14 | Rate of publications per faculty member | 7 | | KPI-I-18 | KPI-I-15 | Citation rate in refereed journals per faculty member | 7 | | KPI-I-19 | KPI-I-16 | Number of patents, innovations, and awards of excellence | 7 | | KPI-I-20 | N/A | Proportion of the budget dedicated to research | 7 | | KPI-I-21 | KPI-I-17 | Proportion of external funding for research | 7 | | KPI-I-22 | N/A | Satisfaction of beneficiaries with community services | 8 | | KPI-I-23 | N/A | Rate of community programs and initiatives | 8 |
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Table 1. NCAAA KPIs released in 2018 and 2022 [
1].
| No. | NCAAA standard | AQIP in the USA | SACS in the USA | SQA in Scotland | ENQA in Europe | TEQSA in Australia | NZQA in New Zealand | QAA in the UK | | 1 | Mission, vision, and strategic planning | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | | 2 | Governance, leadership, and management | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 3 | Teaching and learning | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 4 | Students | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 5 | Institutional resources | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 6 | Faculty and staff | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 7 | Research and innovation | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | | 8 | Community partnership | √ | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | √ |
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Table 2. Benchmarking NCAAA standards released in 2022 to international standards.
| HF-HEQ-BI framework | | Technology | Organisation | Environment | Business | Social | | Special requirements | Safety | Fitness | Continuous improvement | Motivation | | Administrative services | Location | | Technical infrastructure | Library services | Career prospects | Resources | Team | | Curriculum structure | | Data management | Facilities | Economy | Financial factors | Academic staff | | Top management support | | Data quality | Innovation | Politics | Competitive advantage | Human elements | | Data sources | Strategic alignment | Socio-culture | Process | Reputation | | Analysis methods | Leadership | Globalisation | KPIs | Social media | | Culture | Competition | | Notifications | Partnership | Academic quality | Stakeholders’ interaction | | Administrative quality | QA regulations |
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Table 3. HF-HEQ-BI factors.
