By analyzing the diurnal variations in monthly variation on temperature,humidity,refactive index structure parameter,pressure and visibility at the hight of 8.0 m above ground in surface layer in arid area,the probabilistic characteristics of atmospheric extinction and atmospheric turbulence were obtained. Based on the analyzed data,the possible effecs on a special case of laser propagation in arid area are discussed under the condition that the laser wavelength is 1.06 μm and the propagation length are 1 000 m and 3 000 m respectively. The results show that the extinction coefficient of diurnal variation change little ups and downs. The extinction coefficient of each month in January during winter is the largest,the extinction coefficient in July during summer is the smallest,and the difference of the two is about twice. The average transmittance of 1 000 m is about 1.16 times that of 3 000 m. The turbulence strength in January is the weakest month,and April in spring and October in autumn have stronger turbulence strength. The average turbulent influence of 3 000 m is about 1.95 times that of 1 000 m. The best propagation effect is the best at 21∶00 in July of summer. The mean intensity distribution of different propagation distance have different probability density.