Chung-Yi Li, Hai-Han Lu, Yong-Cheng Huang, Qi-Ping Huang, Jing-Yan Xie, Song-En Tsai, "50 Gb/s PAM4 underwater wireless optical communication systems across the water–air–water interface [Invited]," Chin. Opt. Lett. 17, 100004 (2019)
- Chinese Optics Letters
- Vol. 17, Issue 10, 100004 (2019)
Fig. 1. Framework of demonstrated 50 Gb/s PAM4 UWOC systems across the water–air–water interface.
Fig. 2. Reflective SLM with an electrical controller for developing a water–air–water interface and mitigating the performance degradation due to laser beam misalignment.
Fig. 3. Optical spectrum of VCSEL2 with (a) free-running state, and (b) light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques locked at 671.2 nm.
Fig. 4. Modulation responses of VCSEL with free-running (under various operational currents), light injection, and light injection and optoelectronic feedback.
Fig. 5. BER performance of the 50 Gb/s PAM4 signal in the first 5 minutes for the states with or without a Keplerian beam expander or an SLM electrical controller.
Fig. 6. BER performances of 50 Gb/s PAM4 signal in the first hour for the scenarios with or without a Keplerian beam expander or an SLM electrical controller.
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