An in-situ nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon material (COS-NMC-x) for supercapacitors was prepared by sol-gel method using chitosan oligosac charide (COS) as carbon precursor, triblock copolymer (F127) and ethyl orthosilicate (TEOs) as templating agent. The material was characterized by means of mass spectrometer, TG-DTG, XRD, Raman spectra, N2 adsorption/desorption, XPS, FT-IR, hydrophilic and electrochemical evaluation to study the physical and chemical properties and electrochemical performance of the material. The results show that the performance parameters (specific surface area, pore volume and nitrogen atomic number fraction) of COS-NMC-x material tend to increase first and then decrease with the increase of ultrasound time, when the ultrasound time is 15 min, the specific surface area, pore volume and nitrogen atomic number fraction of sample reach the maximum, and the contact angle is the minimum, which are 144.94 m2·g-1, 0.19 cm3·g-1, 7.59% and 23.16°, respectively. At the same time, the electrochemical performance of COS-NMC-x was evaluated. The results show that, at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1, the specific capacitance of sample is 189 F·g-1, which is much higher than other materials in the same group, indicating that the larger pore structure and nitrogen atomic number fraction are beneficial to the improvement electrochemical performance of the material. After 5 000 cycles at 10 A·g-1, the capacitance retention rate of sample reaches 114%, exhibiting good electrochemical performance and showing great application potential in supercapacitor applications.