If retrieval accuracy for CO2 using the satellite remote sensing reached 1%, the deficiency of ground observation can be made up through the global continuous high precision observation. In the retrieval algorithm, the retrieval accuracy is not only affected by the cirrus clouds and aerosols, but also by effects of other factors (surface temperature, surface pressure, surface albedo and atmospheric humidity). The influence on the retrieval results for CO2 , as well as the influence of typical aerosols on the retrieval results were analyzed when surface temperature, surface pressure, surface albedo, atmospheric humidity respectively increased by 1% and reduce by 1%, under the background of US1976 America Standard Atmosphere and the observation height of 100 km, based on the optimum nonlinear retrieval algorithm, using a line by line integral radiation transfer model (LBLRTM) simulation. The results showed that effects of the four kinds of typical aerosol (marine, desert, urban, rural) on the retrieval results are relatively large. The maximal impact corresponded to the marine aerosol, if the visibility is 5 km, the influence percentage relative to the initial value (380 ppm) decreased by 27.18%. The minimal impact corresponded to rural aerosol, if the visibility is 23 km, the influence percentage relative to the initial value (380 ppm) decreased by 7.78%. The surface reflectance, surface temperature, and surface pressure have great influences on the retrieval results for CO2 , but have little influence of atmospheric humidity on the retrieval results, which can be ignored.