The extreme drought disaster in Jiangxi Province in 2022 severely affected the growth and yield of citrus. It is of great significance to use remote sensing technology to assess the degree of drought damage quickly and accurately for reducing losses of citrus planting and subsequent stabilize yield. The citrus planting areas of Jiangxi Province were identified and extracted by using the 2022 Landsat remote sensing image data， the land use type data of Jiangxi Province， and the Google Earth citrus supervised classification sample point data. On this basis， the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and Land Surface Temperature（LST） of the key growth period （June-October） of citrus in Jiangxi Province were calculated by using the MODIS data products of 2021 and 2022， which used for joint inversion of Temperature-Vegetation Drought Index（TVDI）. Combined with the citrus planting area data of Jiangxi Province Statistical Yearbook and field survey data， the economic losses caused by extreme drought in 2022 in Jiangxi Province were quantitatively assessed under four cases. The results showed as follows： （1） The average TVDI of citrus planting areas in Jiangxi Province from June to October in 2021 and 2022 were 0.83 and 0.62， respectively， and drought stress increased significantly in 2022； （2） Severe drought accounted for 66.1% and moderate drought accounted for 33.7% in the citrus planting area of Jiangxi Province from June to October 2022， and the spatial distribution of drought was more severe in northern Jiangxi Province than in southern Jiangxi Province. （3） From early July to early November 2022， TVDI of citrus planting areas in Jiangxi Province remained above 0.8 for a long time， which was characterized by severe drought. This period coincided with the key growth period of citrus and had a great impact on citrus growth. （4） In 2022， the average reduction rate of citrus yield in Jiangxi Province reached 58.2%， and the economic loss of citrus planting showed an increasing trend from north to south. The direct economic loss of southern， central， and northern Jiangxi Province were 4.964 billion yuan， 4.517 billion yuan， and 1.984 billion yuan， respectively. The research results are helpful for the government to quickly find out the disaster situation of citrus farmers in Jiangxi Province， and provide a certain basis for the decision of citrus planting drought relief， loss reduction， and yield guarantee of citrus planting in the future.