Calcium polyphosphate fibers (CPPF) were prepared by melt-drawing method. Effect of B₂O₃ with different mass fraction on degradation and mechanical properties of CPPF was studied. The obtained CPPF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that tensile strength and modulus of CPPF were improved obviously with increase of mass fraction of B₂O₃. Moreover, the surface morphology of CPPF was influenced by the introducing of B₂O₃. In addition, the degradation ratio and cracks on the surface of CPPF decreased with increase of B₂O₃ content. Tensile strength and modulus of CPPF with B₂O₃ loading of 9% increased sharply by 146% and 153% compared to neat CPPF, respectively. After 16 d, the mass loss ratio of CPPF with B₂O₃ loading of 9% in the degradation process is reduced by 31% compared to the neat CPPF.