Based on the local resonance theory, a structural model of a new type of vibration reduction material-metaconcrete was proposed, and the band gap number of the metaconcrete cell was increased by increasing the type of resonant aggregates in the matrix. Firstly, the energy band structure, eigenmodes and attenuation characteristics of single, double, and three resonant aggregate metaconcrete cell were calculated by the finite element method. Secondly, the generation mechanism and the influence law of band gap were studied. Finally, the band gap estimation formula was derived base on the effective mass theory. The results showed that the metaconcrete cell exhibited band gap properties, and with the increase of the types of resonant aggregates in the matrix, the band gap number increases but each band gap width decreases. Moreover, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the types of resonant aggregates and the band gaps. The starting frequency of the band gap was determined by the translational vibration of the corresponding primitive cell scatterers, while the cut-off frequency was determined by the reverse vibration between the corresponding primary cell scatterers and other units. By properly configuring the material and geometric parameters of the primitive cell, the position and width of the corresponding band gap can be optimized. The band gap calculations from the effective mass theory agreed well with the finite element method, and it can be used to obtain the band gap of the multiple resonant aggregates metaconcrete cell.