• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 22, Issue 4, 040601 (2024)
Bo Liu1,*, Jianxin Ren1, Xiangyu Wu1, Shuaidong Chen1..., Yaya Mao1 and Li Zhao2|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 2Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL202422.040601 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Bo Liu, Jianxin Ren, Xiangyu Wu, Shuaidong Chen, Yaya Mao, Li Zhao, "Neural network equalization based on delta-sigma modulation," Chin. Opt. Lett. 22, 040601 (2024) Copy Citation Text show less
    Noise transfer function. (a) Zero points and pole points; (b) frequency response of amplitude.
    Fig. 1. Noise transfer function. (a) Zero points and pole points; (b) frequency response of amplitude.
    Principle of NNEs.
    Fig. 2. Principle of NNEs.
    Experimental setup of PDM-8192-QAM W-band wireless delivery over 4.6 km. Photos of (a) Guanghua Building in the Handan campus; (b) transmission link; (c) Physics Building in the Jiangwan campus; (d) transmitter; (e) receiver.
    Fig. 3. Experimental setup of PDM-8192-QAM W-band wireless delivery over 4.6 km. Photos of (a) Guanghua Building in the Handan campus; (b) transmission link; (c) Physics Building in the Jiangwan campus; (d) transmitter; (e) receiver.
    Offline DSP for transmitter and receiver.
    Fig. 4. Offline DSP for transmitter and receiver.
    (a) Electrical spectrum of received 13.5-GHz IF signals; (b) electrical spectrum of baseband signals after NNE.
    Fig. 5. (a) Electrical spectrum of received 13.5-GHz IF signals; (b) electrical spectrum of baseband signals after NNE.
    Curves of BER versus power into the PD at the case of 10 Gbaud PDM-QPSK signal. (i) constellation with only DSM; (ii) constellation with DSM and NNE.
    Fig. 6. Curves of BER versus power into the PD at the case of 10 Gbaud PDM-QPSK signal. (i) constellation with only DSM; (ii) constellation with DSM and NNE.
    Curves of BER versus power into the PD at the case of 1 Gbaud PDM-OFDM signal. (a) Constellation of 1024-QAM (i) and constellation of 2048-QAM (ii); (b) constellation of 4096-QAM (i) and constellation of 8192-QAM (ii).
    Fig. 7. Curves of BER versus power into the PD at the case of 1 Gbaud PDM-OFDM signal. (a) Constellation of 1024-QAM (i) and constellation of 2048-QAM (ii); (b) constellation of 4096-QAM (i) and constellation of 8192-QAM (ii).
    ParameterValue
    Input size62
    Neural cells in hidden layer 140
    Neural cells in hidden layer 220
    Output size2
    Epoch20
    OptimizerAdam
    Batch size64
    Table 1. Parameters in the NNE
    ParameterValue
    OSR10
    Number of quantization bits1
    Synthesizing methodChebyshev NTF
    Order6
    Max NTF gain1.55
    NTF center frequency0
    Table 2. DSM Parameters
    DeviceModelImportant Parameters
    AWGTektronix AWG7122CSampling rate: 12 GSa/s
    ECLAgilent N7714ALinewidth: <100 kHz
    I/Q modulatorFujitsu FTM7938EZ3-dB bandwidth: 30 GHz
    LNAAT-LNA-75110Gain: 21 dB
    PAAT-PA-80135-1320GNSaturate output: 20 dBm
    EACENTELLAX OA3MHQMGain: 25 dBm
    PDFinisar XPDV412xRBandwidth: 100 GHz
    CASAC-2507-094-S2Nominal gain: 25 dBi
    OSCTektronix DSO73304DSampling rate: 100 GSa/s
    Table 3. Important Devices Used in This Work
    Bo Liu, Jianxin Ren, Xiangyu Wu, Shuaidong Chen, Yaya Mao, Li Zhao, "Neural network equalization based on delta-sigma modulation," Chin. Opt. Lett. 22, 040601 (2024)
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