The inversion data of Atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) from March 2003 to February 2021 were verified using the base data of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW), and then based on AIRs data, the spatial and temporal distribution and variation characteristics of the total ozone column in Antarctica were analyzed. Moreover, combined with stratospheric temperature and sea ice data, linear regression, correlation analysis, wavelet analysis and other methods were performed to identify the key factors affecting the total ozone column in Antarctica. The results show that the correlation coefficient between AIRS inversion data and atmospheric watch station monitoring data is more than 0.945, indicating the high accuracy and stability of AIRS inversion data. The temporal variation of the total column of ozone in Antarctica has an obvious periodicity, with valley-valley alternating for about 12 months. The wavelet time-frequency analysis shows that the total amount of ozone column in Antarctic has obvious cycles with time scales of 2 years, 4 years, 6 years, 8-10 years and 13 years. Among them, the first main 13-year cycle with the most severe oscillation changes has a 10-year cycle, and the second main 6-year cycle has a 4-year cycle. From 2003 to 2021, the first main cycle experienced two high-low periods, and the second main cycle experienced four high-low periods. Furthermore, it is found that the total ozone column varies significantly with seasons, with spring being the season with the highest total ozone column in Antarctica, followed by winter, summer, and autumn. And there is a quite difference of the spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Antarctica among seasons. Generally, the total ozone column decreases with the increase of the latitude, and reaches the bottom value near 85° S. The total column of ozone in most parts of Antarctica is significantly positively correlated with the stratospheric temperature, and the statistical results show that there will be an ozone hole when the stratospheric temperature is less than 189 k. The change of Antarctic sea ice extent is basically correlated with that of the total Antarctic ozone column, and both of them have a change cycle of 2 years, 6-8 years and 12-14 years, but the change of sea ice is one month earlier.