Light field camera can obtain position information and direction information of space target through one exposure. It has the characteristics of refocus and multi-view, which can be used for vision measurement. In this paper, the measurement principle and error influence factors of epipolar plane image (EPI), refocus-based, binocular and trinocular measurement methods were analyzed. The relationship between the measurement errors and the structural parameters, including the baseline length of different views, the focal length of the main lens and the actual distance of the target from the camera, were verified by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that, due to the short baseline of the camera, the distance measurement errors are large, and short distance is of high precision; under the condition of fixed size of microlens array, the multi-view combination measurement method has higher accuracy.