In order to obtain the characteristics of the aerosol of Xuzhou city, based on CE-318, parameters of the optical characteristics of aerosol in Xuzhou suburb from July, 2013 to May, 2014 were employed for the analysis. The results show that: (1) Influenced by coal heating and straw burning, significant difference exists in each season, month and day. (2) Most aerosol particles contain moisture, which belong to the mixed type and anthropogenic pollution type. There exist few dry particles. (3) Fine particles with complicated composition play a dominant role except for May. (4) There exist more coarse particles in the spring than in the summer, which is equivalent in the autumn and winter. In addition, there exists rare dust weather during the analysis, fine particles make a greater contribution to the air pollution in Xuzhou city.