Fig. 1. Colloidal lead halide perovskite NCs: (a) The APbX₃ perovskite structure with 3D-corner-sharing octahedra. (Cubic (MAPbX₃, FAPbX₃; two unit cells shown) on the left and orthorhombic (CsPbX₃) on the right); (b) high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrograph (HAADF-STEM) of a single, cube-shaped CsPbBr₃ NCs, with 15 nm edge length; (c) photograph of highly luminescent colloidal NCs, from left to right, CsPbBr₃ with emission peak at 520 nm, CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ emitting at 450 nm and FAPb(Br/I)₃ emitting at 640 nm)^[15].

Fig. 2. Theoretical sulfonate passivation effect: (a) Electronic DOS curves of valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) of CsPbBr₃ with V_Br; (b) electron localization function results of CsPbBr₃ with V_Br; (c) electronic DOS curves of valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) of CsPbBr₃ with V_Br passivated by the sulfonate group; (d) electron localization function results of CsPbBr₃ with V_Br passivated by the sulfonate group^[34].

Fig. 3. Representative scheme for exchange of Pb²⁺ by Cd²⁺ in CsPbCl₃ NCs^[50].

Fig. 4. The schematic diagram of synthesis CsPbBr₃ NCs into SiO₂^[56].

Fig. 5. Schematic illustration of the water-assisted transformation process from CsPbBr₃/Cs₄PbBr₆ composite NCs to CsPbBr₃/CsPb₂Br₅ composite NCs^[62].

Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of the morphology evolution of MAPbBr₃^[67].

Fig. 7. Schematic illustration of postsynthetic treatment for obtaining perovskite NCs with a thick PMAO polymer coating layer^[69].

Fig. 8. The synthesis process of CsPbX₃/mesoporous silica nanocomposite^[73].

Fig. 9. Stepwise representation of the synthetic route to PS-capped MAPbBr₃/SiO₂ core/shell NCs and PEO-capped MAPbBr₃/SiO₂ core/shell NCs by exploiting star-like P4 VP-b-PtBA-b-PS and P4 VP-b-PtBA-b-PEO as nanoreactors, respectively. CD, cyclodextrin; BMP, 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate; and TOABr, tetraoctylammonium bromide^[77].