Due to the influences of rock types and mechanical properties, the obvious differences of morphological characteristics are existed in the aggregate produced by conventional technologies. It is difficult to qualitatively-quantitatively study the influences of aggregate morphological characteristics on the performance of asphalt mixture. Therefore, a preparation method of artificial aggregates with adjustable morphological characteristics, mesh size and volume was proposed based on 3D printing technology in this study. First, three-dimensional models of aggregates with different morphological characteristics were obtained by scanner, and the mesh size and volume of the models were adjusted by the software. The polylatic acid (PLA) was used as raw material to 3D print aggregate particles with specific morphology, mesh size and volume. Then, cement mortar was selected as raw material and silicone replication method was used to prepare artificial aggregates with specific morphological characteristics. The results show that the surface area error of the prepared artificial aggregates is less than 6% and the volume error is less than 3%. The performance indicators of crushing value, wear loss value, firmness and adhesion grade meet the specification requirements. Based on 3D printing technology, the artificial aggregates with good morphological characteristics, specific mesh size and volume can be made to replace natural aggregates. It provides technical support for further research on the influences of aggregate morphological characteristics on asphalt mixture performance.