The low and medium frequency wavefront aberration detection techniques of meter-sized optical elements applied in inertial confinement fusion system and their research progress are introduced, which includes direct detection based on large-aperture Fizeau interferometers, Ritchey-Common detection method, oblique detection method, and sub-aperture stitching detection method. The introduction of measurement errors and corresponding elimination methods are illustrated, and the necessity of further improving the measurement accuracy of wavefront aberration and methods are prospected.