Usually, lasers can be used for speech signal detection in non-contact and long-distance scenarios. Consequently, the remote laser speech detection technology has broad application prospects in laser interception, multi-mode monitoring, intrusion detection, search and rescue operations, laser microphones, and other fields. In this paper, we review research advances in the remote laser speech signal detection technology from the perspectives of remote laser vibration detection systems and detected signal analysis and processing methods; moreover, we expound the future development prospects of this technology.