With the development of terahertz techniques, terahertz waveguides have gradually become one of the research hotspots. Compared to the terahertz polymer waveguide, the terahertz photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has obvious advantages in the aspect of high birefringence. Based on the introduction of the research status of traditional terahertz waveguide techniques, the high birefringence terahertz PCFs with different principles and different structures are mainly analyzed and summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. In addition, the application status and the future work directions of high birefringence terahertz PCFs are summarized and prospected.