A compound structure is fabricated by inscribing fiber Bragg gratings in dispersion compensation fiber, which is constituted by interferometer and fiber Bragg grating in a length of fiber. The strain and temperature response mechanisms of cladding mode and Bragg resonance are analyzed. The matrix equation is established through monitoring the cladding modes and Bragg resonance wavelength shift on the reflection spectrum, so that the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is achieved. The experimental results indicated that the temperature sensitivity of cladding mode and Bragg resonance are 49.4 pm/℃ and 11.0 pm/℃, respectively. The strain sensitivity of cladding modes is 1.05 pm/με and the strain sensitivity of Bragg resonance is 0.651 pm/με. The four parameters show good linearity. Since the compound structure has low-order cladding modes and core modes, it is insensitive to the environment and can play an important role in the field of strain and temperature simultaneous measurement.