To solve the problem that the finger vein image enhancement algorithm based on guided filter fails to highlight the vein texture details, the weighted guided filter algorithm based on edge detection is proposed. Through calculating the amplitude value of the vein image edge operator to punish the fixed neat parameter in the guided filter, the adaptive neat parameters of the vein texture area and the smooth area are obtained respectively, which makes the filter possess a better edge protection feature. This algorithm can reduce the noise, and simultaneously retain and highlight more vein texture details of images. A comparison experiment between two finger vein image enhancement algorithms proposed here and based on the guided filter is conducted in domestic and foreign image databases, and the results indicate that, under the condition of time complexity being constant, the former has a lower false recognition rate.